crypto.cpp

Go to the documentation of this file.

// BSD 3-Clause License
// Copyright (c) 2024, 🍀☀🌕🌥 🌊
// See the LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
 
#include "internal/protocols/quic/crypto.h"
#include "internal/protocols/quic/packet.h"
#include "internal/utils/openssl_compat.h"
 
#include <openssl/evp.h>
#include <openssl/kdf.h>
#include <openssl/rand.h>
 
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
 
namespace kcenon::network::protocols::quic
{
 
namespace
{
 
// Use the compatibility layer for OpenSSL error handling
using kcenon::network::internal::get_openssl_error;
 
auto get_openssl_error_string() -> std::string
{
    return get_openssl_error();
}
 
constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 9> client_initial_label = {
    'c', 'l', 'i', 'e', 'n', 't', ' ', 'i', 'n'
};
 
constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 9> server_initial_label = {
    's', 'e', 'r', 'v', 'e', 'r', ' ', 'i', 'n'
};
 
constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 8> quic_key_label = {
    'q', 'u', 'i', 'c', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y'
};
 
constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 7> quic_iv_label = {
    'q', 'u', 'i', 'c', ' ', 'i', 'v'
};
 
constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 7> quic_hp_label = {
    'q', 'u', 'i', 'c', ' ', 'h', 'p'
};
 
} // anonymous namespace
 
// ============================================================================
// HKDF Implementation
// ============================================================================
 
auto hkdf::extract(std::span<const uint8_t> salt,
                   std::span<const uint8_t> ikm)
    -> Result<std::array<uint8_t, secret_size>>
{
    std::array<uint8_t, secret_size> prk{};
    size_t prk_len = prk.size();
 
    EVP_PKEY_CTX* pctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_id(EVP_PKEY_HKDF, nullptr);
    if (!pctx)
    {
        return error<std::array<uint8_t, secret_size>>(
            -1, "Failed to create HKDF context", "quic::hkdf");
    }
 
    int ret = EVP_PKEY_derive_init(pctx);
    if (ret <= 0)
    {
        EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
        return error<std::array<uint8_t, secret_size>>(
            -1, "HKDF derive init failed", "quic::hkdf", get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    ret = EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_hkdf_md(pctx, EVP_sha256());
    if (ret <= 0)
    {
        EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
        return error<std::array<uint8_t, secret_size>>(
            -1, "HKDF set md failed", "quic::hkdf", get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    ret = EVP_PKEY_CTX_set1_hkdf_salt(pctx, salt.data(),
                                       static_cast<int>(salt.size()));
    if (ret <= 0)
    {
        EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
        return error<std::array<uint8_t, secret_size>>(
            -1, "HKDF set salt failed", "quic::hkdf", get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    ret = EVP_PKEY_CTX_set1_hkdf_key(pctx, ikm.data(),
                                      static_cast<int>(ikm.size()));
    if (ret <= 0)
    {
        EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
        return error<std::array<uint8_t, secret_size>>(
            -1, "HKDF set key failed", "quic::hkdf", get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    ret = EVP_PKEY_CTX_hkdf_mode(pctx, EVP_PKEY_HKDEF_MODE_EXTRACT_ONLY);
    if (ret <= 0)
    {
        EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
        return error<std::array<uint8_t, secret_size>>(
            -1, "HKDF set mode failed", "quic::hkdf", get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    ret = EVP_PKEY_derive(pctx, prk.data(), &prk_len);
    EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
 
    if (ret <= 0)
    {
        return error<std::array<uint8_t, secret_size>>(
            -1, "HKDF extract failed", "quic::hkdf", get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    return ok(std::move(prk));
}
 
auto hkdf::expand(std::span<const uint8_t> prk,
                  std::span<const uint8_t> info,
                  size_t length)
    -> Result<std::vector<uint8_t>>
{
    std::vector<uint8_t> okm(length);
 
    EVP_PKEY_CTX* pctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_id(EVP_PKEY_HKDF, nullptr);
    if (!pctx)
    {
        return error<std::vector<uint8_t>>(
            -1, "Failed to create HKDF context", "quic::hkdf");
    }
 
    int ret = EVP_PKEY_derive_init(pctx);
    if (ret <= 0)
    {
        EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
        return error<std::vector<uint8_t>>(
            -1, "HKDF derive init failed", "quic::hkdf", get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    ret = EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_hkdf_md(pctx, EVP_sha256());
    if (ret <= 0)
    {
        EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
        return error<std::vector<uint8_t>>(
            -1, "HKDF set md failed", "quic::hkdf", get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    ret = EVP_PKEY_CTX_hkdf_mode(pctx, EVP_PKEY_HKDEF_MODE_EXPAND_ONLY);
    if (ret <= 0)
    {
        EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
        return error<std::vector<uint8_t>>(
            -1, "HKDF set mode failed", "quic::hkdf", get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    ret = EVP_PKEY_CTX_set1_hkdf_key(pctx, prk.data(),
                                      static_cast<int>(prk.size()));
    if (ret <= 0)
    {
        EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
        return error<std::vector<uint8_t>>(
            -1, "HKDF set key failed", "quic::hkdf", get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    ret = EVP_PKEY_CTX_add1_hkdf_info(pctx, info.data(),
                                       static_cast<int>(info.size()));
    if (ret <= 0)
    {
        EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
        return error<std::vector<uint8_t>>(
            -1, "HKDF set info failed", "quic::hkdf", get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    ret = EVP_PKEY_derive(pctx, okm.data(), &length);
    EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
 
    if (ret <= 0)
    {
        return error<std::vector<uint8_t>>(
            -1, "HKDF expand failed", "quic::hkdf", get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    okm.resize(length);
    return ok(std::move(okm));
}
 
auto hkdf::expand_label(std::span<const uint8_t> secret,
                        const std::string& label,
                        std::span<const uint8_t> context,
                        size_t length)
    -> Result<std::vector<uint8_t>>
{
    // TLS 1.3 HKDF-Expand-Label structure:
    // struct {
    //     uint16 length;
    //     opaque label<7..255> = "tls13 " + Label;
    //     opaque context<0..255>;
    // } HkdfLabel;
 
    const std::string prefix = "tls13 ";
    std::vector<uint8_t> hkdf_label;
    hkdf_label.reserve(2 + 1 + prefix.size() + label.size() + 1 + context.size());
 
    // Length (2 bytes, big-endian)
    hkdf_label.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((length >> 8) & 0xFF));
    hkdf_label.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(length & 0xFF));
 
    // Label length (1 byte) + "tls13 " + label
    size_t label_len = prefix.size() + label.size();
    hkdf_label.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(label_len));
    for (char c : prefix)
    {
        hkdf_label.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(c));
    }
    for (char c : label)
    {
        hkdf_label.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(c));
    }
 
    // Context length (1 byte) + context
    hkdf_label.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(context.size()));
    hkdf_label.insert(hkdf_label.end(), context.begin(), context.end());
 
    return expand(secret, hkdf_label, length);
}
 
// ============================================================================
// Initial Keys Implementation
// ============================================================================
 
auto initial_keys::derive(const connection_id& dest_cid, uint32_t version)
    -> Result<key_pair>
{
    // Select salt based on version
    std::span<const uint8_t> salt;
    if (version == quic_version::version_2)
    {
        salt = initial_salt_v2;
    }
    else
    {
        salt = initial_salt_v1;
    }
 
    // Extract initial secret from destination connection ID
    auto initial_secret_result = hkdf::extract(salt, dest_cid.data());
    if (initial_secret_result.is_err())
    {
        return error<key_pair>(
            initial_secret_result.error().code,
            "Failed to derive initial secret",
            "quic::initial_keys",
            initial_secret_result.error().message);
    }
 
    auto& initial_secret = initial_secret_result.value();
 
    // Derive client initial secret
    auto client_secret_result = hkdf::expand_label(
        initial_secret,
        std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(client_initial_label.data()),
                    client_initial_label.size()),
        {},
        secret_size);
    if (client_secret_result.is_err())
    {
        return error<key_pair>(
            client_secret_result.error().code,
            "Failed to derive client initial secret",
            "quic::initial_keys",
            client_secret_result.error().message);
    }
 
    // Derive server initial secret
    auto server_secret_result = hkdf::expand_label(
        initial_secret,
        std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(server_initial_label.data()),
                    server_initial_label.size()),
        {},
        secret_size);
    if (server_secret_result.is_err())
    {
        return error<key_pair>(
            server_secret_result.error().code,
            "Failed to derive server initial secret",
            "quic::initial_keys",
            server_secret_result.error().message);
    }
 
    // Derive client keys
    auto client_keys_result = derive_keys(client_secret_result.value(), true);
    if (client_keys_result.is_err())
    {
        return error<key_pair>(
            client_keys_result.error().code,
            "Failed to derive client keys",
            "quic::initial_keys",
            client_keys_result.error().message);
    }
 
    // Derive server keys
    auto server_keys_result = derive_keys(server_secret_result.value(), false);
    if (server_keys_result.is_err())
    {
        return error<key_pair>(
            server_keys_result.error().code,
            "Failed to derive server keys",
            "quic::initial_keys",
            server_keys_result.error().message);
    }
 
    // Copy secrets into keys
    auto& client_keys = client_keys_result.value();
    auto& server_keys = server_keys_result.value();
 
    std::copy(client_secret_result.value().begin(),
              client_secret_result.value().end(),
              client_keys.secret.begin());
    std::copy(server_secret_result.value().begin(),
              server_secret_result.value().end(),
              server_keys.secret.begin());
 
    // For a client: write = client keys, read = server keys
    // For a server: write = server keys, read = client keys
    // This function returns from client's perspective
    key_pair result;
    result.write = std::move(client_keys);
    result.read = std::move(server_keys);
 
    return ok(std::move(result));
}
 
auto initial_keys::derive_keys(std::span<const uint8_t> initial_secret,
                               bool is_client_keys)
    -> Result<quic_keys>
{
    (void)is_client_keys; // Not used but kept for API clarity
 
    quic_keys keys;
 
    // Derive AEAD key
    auto key_result = hkdf::expand_label(
        initial_secret,
        std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(quic_key_label.data()),
                    quic_key_label.size()),
        {},
        aes_128_key_size);
    if (key_result.is_err())
    {
        return error<quic_keys>(
            key_result.error().code,
            "Failed to derive AEAD key",
            "quic::initial_keys",
            key_result.error().message);
    }
    std::copy(key_result.value().begin(), key_result.value().end(),
              keys.key.begin());
 
    // Derive IV
    auto iv_result = hkdf::expand_label(
        initial_secret,
        std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(quic_iv_label.data()),
                    quic_iv_label.size()),
        {},
        aead_iv_size);
    if (iv_result.is_err())
    {
        return error<quic_keys>(
            iv_result.error().code,
            "Failed to derive IV",
            "quic::initial_keys",
            iv_result.error().message);
    }
    std::copy(iv_result.value().begin(), iv_result.value().end(),
              keys.iv.begin());
 
    // Derive header protection key
    auto hp_result = hkdf::expand_label(
        initial_secret,
        std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(quic_hp_label.data()),
                    quic_hp_label.size()),
        {},
        hp_key_size);
    if (hp_result.is_err())
    {
        return error<quic_keys>(
            hp_result.error().code,
            "Failed to derive HP key",
            "quic::initial_keys",
            hp_result.error().message);
    }
    std::copy(hp_result.value().begin(), hp_result.value().end(),
              keys.hp_key.begin());
 
    return ok(std::move(keys));
}
 
// ============================================================================
// Packet Protection Implementation
// ============================================================================
 
auto packet_protection::make_nonce(std::span<const uint8_t> iv,
                                   uint64_t packet_number)
    -> std::array<uint8_t, aead_iv_size>
{
    std::array<uint8_t, aead_iv_size> nonce{};
    std::copy(iv.begin(), iv.end(), nonce.begin());
 
    // XOR packet number into the rightmost bytes of the IV
    for (size_t i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
    {
        nonce[aead_iv_size - 1 - i] ^=
            static_cast<uint8_t>((packet_number >> (i * 8)) & 0xFF);
    }
 
    return nonce;
}
 
auto packet_protection::protect(const quic_keys& keys,
                                std::span<const uint8_t> header,
                                std::span<const uint8_t> payload,
                                uint64_t packet_number)
    -> Result<std::vector<uint8_t>>
{
    auto nonce = make_nonce(keys.iv, packet_number);
 
    // Create output buffer: header + ciphertext + tag
    std::vector<uint8_t> output;
    output.reserve(header.size() + payload.size() + aead_tag_size);
    output.insert(output.end(), header.begin(), header.end());
    output.resize(output.size() + payload.size() + aead_tag_size);
 
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX* ctx = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_new();
    if (!ctx)
    {
        return error<std::vector<uint8_t>>(
            -1, "Failed to create cipher context", "quic::packet_protection");
    }
 
    int ret = EVP_EncryptInit_ex(ctx, EVP_aes_128_gcm(), nullptr,
                                  keys.key.data(), nonce.data());
    if (ret != 1)
    {
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);
        return error<std::vector<uint8_t>>(
            -1, "AES-GCM encrypt init failed", "quic::packet_protection",
            get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    // Set AAD (header)
    int len;
    ret = EVP_EncryptUpdate(ctx, nullptr, &len, header.data(),
                            static_cast<int>(header.size()));
    if (ret != 1)
    {
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);
        return error<std::vector<uint8_t>>(
            -1, "AES-GCM AAD update failed", "quic::packet_protection",
            get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    // Encrypt payload
    ret = EVP_EncryptUpdate(ctx, output.data() + header.size(), &len,
                            payload.data(), static_cast<int>(payload.size()));
    if (ret != 1)
    {
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);
        return error<std::vector<uint8_t>>(
            -1, "AES-GCM encrypt failed", "quic::packet_protection",
            get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    int ciphertext_len = len;
 
    ret = EVP_EncryptFinal_ex(ctx, output.data() + header.size() + len, &len);
    if (ret != 1)
    {
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);
        return error<std::vector<uint8_t>>(
            -1, "AES-GCM encrypt final failed", "quic::packet_protection",
            get_openssl_error_string());
    }
    ciphertext_len += len;
 
    // Get tag
    ret = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(ctx, EVP_CTRL_GCM_GET_TAG, aead_tag_size,
                              output.data() + header.size() + ciphertext_len);
    if (ret != 1)
    {
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);
        return error<std::vector<uint8_t>>(
            -1, "AES-GCM get tag failed", "quic::packet_protection",
            get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);
    output.resize(header.size() + ciphertext_len + aead_tag_size);
 
    return ok(std::move(output));
}
 
auto packet_protection::unprotect(const quic_keys& keys,
                                  std::span<const uint8_t> packet,
                                  size_t header_length,
                                  uint64_t packet_number)
    -> Result<std::pair<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<uint8_t>>>
{
    if (packet.size() < header_length + aead_tag_size)
    {
        return error<std::pair<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<uint8_t>>>(
            -1, "Packet too short for decryption", "quic::packet_protection");
    }
 
    auto nonce = make_nonce(keys.iv, packet_number);
 
    auto header = packet.subspan(0, header_length);
    auto ciphertext = packet.subspan(header_length,
                                     packet.size() - header_length - aead_tag_size);
    auto tag = packet.subspan(packet.size() - aead_tag_size, aead_tag_size);
 
    std::vector<uint8_t> plaintext(ciphertext.size());
 
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX* ctx = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_new();
    if (!ctx)
    {
        return error<std::pair<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<uint8_t>>>(
            -1, "Failed to create cipher context", "quic::packet_protection");
    }
 
    int ret = EVP_DecryptInit_ex(ctx, EVP_aes_128_gcm(), nullptr,
                                  keys.key.data(), nonce.data());
    if (ret != 1)
    {
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);
        return error<std::pair<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<uint8_t>>>(
            -1, "AES-GCM decrypt init failed", "quic::packet_protection",
            get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    // Set AAD (header)
    int len;
    ret = EVP_DecryptUpdate(ctx, nullptr, &len, header.data(),
                            static_cast<int>(header.size()));
    if (ret != 1)
    {
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);
        return error<std::pair<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<uint8_t>>>(
            -1, "AES-GCM AAD update failed", "quic::packet_protection",
            get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    // Decrypt ciphertext
    ret = EVP_DecryptUpdate(ctx, plaintext.data(), &len,
                            ciphertext.data(), static_cast<int>(ciphertext.size()));
    if (ret != 1)
    {
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);
        return error<std::pair<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<uint8_t>>>(
            -1, "AES-GCM decrypt failed", "quic::packet_protection",
            get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    int plaintext_len = len;
 
    // Set expected tag
    ret = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(ctx, EVP_CTRL_GCM_SET_TAG, aead_tag_size,
                              const_cast<uint8_t*>(tag.data()));
    if (ret != 1)
    {
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);
        return error<std::pair<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<uint8_t>>>(
            -1, "AES-GCM set tag failed", "quic::packet_protection",
            get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    ret = EVP_DecryptFinal_ex(ctx, plaintext.data() + len, &len);
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);
 
    if (ret != 1)
    {
        return error<std::pair<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<uint8_t>>>(
            -1, "AES-GCM authentication failed", "quic::packet_protection");
    }
 
    plaintext_len += len;
    plaintext.resize(plaintext_len);
 
    std::vector<uint8_t> header_copy(header.begin(), header.end());
    return ok(std::make_pair(std::move(header_copy), std::move(plaintext)));
}
 
auto packet_protection::generate_hp_mask(std::span<const uint8_t> hp_key,
                                         std::span<const uint8_t> sample)
    -> Result<std::array<uint8_t, 5>>
{
    if (sample.size() < hp_sample_size)
    {
        return error<std::array<uint8_t, 5>>(
            -1, "Sample too short for HP mask", "quic::packet_protection");
    }
 
    std::array<uint8_t, 16> mask_full{};
 
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX* ctx = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_new();
    if (!ctx)
    {
        return error<std::array<uint8_t, 5>>(
            -1, "Failed to create cipher context", "quic::packet_protection");
    }
 
    int ret = EVP_EncryptInit_ex(ctx, EVP_aes_128_ecb(), nullptr,
                                  hp_key.data(), nullptr);
    if (ret != 1)
    {
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);
        return error<std::array<uint8_t, 5>>(
            -1, "AES-ECB init failed", "quic::packet_protection",
            get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX_set_padding(ctx, 0);
 
    int len;
    ret = EVP_EncryptUpdate(ctx, mask_full.data(), &len,
                            sample.data(), hp_sample_size);
    if (ret != 1)
    {
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);
        return error<std::array<uint8_t, 5>>(
            -1, "AES-ECB encrypt failed", "quic::packet_protection",
            get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);
 
    // Return first 5 bytes of the mask
    std::array<uint8_t, 5> mask{};
    std::copy(mask_full.begin(), mask_full.begin() + 5, mask.begin());
 
    return ok(std::move(mask));
}
 
auto packet_protection::protect_header(const quic_keys& keys,
                                       std::span<uint8_t> header,
                                       size_t pn_offset,
                                       size_t pn_length,
                                       std::span<const uint8_t> sample)
    -> VoidResult
{
    auto mask_result = generate_hp_mask(keys.hp_key, sample);
    if (mask_result.is_err())
    {
        return error_void(mask_result.error().code,
                         mask_result.error().message,
                         get_error_source(mask_result.error()));
    }
 
    auto& mask = mask_result.value();
 
    // Apply mask to first byte
    if ((header[0] & 0x80) != 0)
    {
        // Long header: mask lower 4 bits
        header[0] ^= (mask[0] & 0x0F);
    }
    else
    {
        // Short header: mask lower 5 bits
        header[0] ^= (mask[0] & 0x1F);
    }
 
    // Apply mask to packet number
    for (size_t i = 0; i < pn_length; ++i)
    {
        header[pn_offset + i] ^= mask[1 + i];
    }
 
    return ok();
}
 
auto packet_protection::unprotect_header(const quic_keys& keys,
                                         std::span<uint8_t> header,
                                         size_t pn_offset,
                                         std::span<const uint8_t> sample)
    -> Result<std::pair<uint8_t, size_t>>
{
    auto mask_result = generate_hp_mask(keys.hp_key, sample);
    if (mask_result.is_err())
    {
        return error<std::pair<uint8_t, size_t>>(
            mask_result.error().code,
            mask_result.error().message,
            get_error_source(mask_result.error()));
    }
 
    auto& mask = mask_result.value();
 
    // Unmask first byte
    if ((header[0] & 0x80) != 0)
    {
        // Long header
        header[0] ^= (mask[0] & 0x0F);
    }
    else
    {
        // Short header
        header[0] ^= (mask[0] & 0x1F);
    }
 
    // Get packet number length from first byte
    size_t pn_length = (header[0] & 0x03) + 1;
 
    // Unmask packet number
    for (size_t i = 0; i < pn_length; ++i)
    {
        header[pn_offset + i] ^= mask[1 + i];
    }
 
    return ok(std::make_pair(header[0], pn_length));
}
 
// ============================================================================
// QUIC Crypto Handler Implementation
// ============================================================================
 
struct quic_crypto::impl
{
    SSL_CTX* ssl_ctx{nullptr};
    SSL* ssl{nullptr};
    BIO* rbio{nullptr};
    BIO* wbio{nullptr};
 
    bool is_server{false};
    bool handshake_complete{false};
    encryption_level current_level{encryption_level::initial};
    uint8_t key_phase{0};
 
    std::map<encryption_level, quic_keys> read_keys;
    std::map<encryption_level, quic_keys> write_keys;
 
    std::string alpn;
    std::vector<uint8_t> alpn_data;
 
    // 0-RTT session resumption support
    session_ticket_callback_t session_ticket_callback;
    std::vector<uint8_t> session_ticket_data;
    uint32_t max_early_data_size{0};
    bool early_data_enabled{false};
    bool early_data_accepted{false};
    bool has_zero_rtt_keys{false};
 
    ~impl()
    {
        if (ssl)
        {
            SSL_free(ssl);
        }
        if (ssl_ctx)
        {
            SSL_CTX_free(ssl_ctx);
        }
        // BIOs are freed by SSL_free
    }
};
 
quic_crypto::quic_crypto()
    : impl_(std::make_unique<impl>())
{
}
 
quic_crypto::~quic_crypto() = default;
 
quic_crypto::quic_crypto(quic_crypto&& other) noexcept = default;
quic_crypto& quic_crypto::operator=(quic_crypto&& other) noexcept = default;
 
auto quic_crypto::init_client(const std::string& server_name) -> VoidResult
{
    impl_->is_server = false;
 
    impl_->ssl_ctx = SSL_CTX_new(TLS_client_method());
    if (!impl_->ssl_ctx)
    {
        return error_void(-1, "Failed to create SSL context", "quic::crypto",
                         get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    // Set TLS 1.3 only
    SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version(impl_->ssl_ctx, TLS1_3_VERSION);
    SSL_CTX_set_max_proto_version(impl_->ssl_ctx, TLS1_3_VERSION);
 
    impl_->ssl = SSL_new(impl_->ssl_ctx);
    if (!impl_->ssl)
    {
        return error_void(-1, "Failed to create SSL object", "quic::crypto",
                         get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    // Set SNI
    if (!server_name.empty())
    {
        SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(impl_->ssl, server_name.c_str());
    }
 
    // Create memory BIOs
    impl_->rbio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
    impl_->wbio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
    if (!impl_->rbio || !impl_->wbio)
    {
        return error_void(-1, "Failed to create BIO objects", "quic::crypto");
    }
 
    BIO_set_nbio(impl_->rbio, 1);
    BIO_set_nbio(impl_->wbio, 1);
 
    SSL_set_bio(impl_->ssl, impl_->rbio, impl_->wbio);
    SSL_set_connect_state(impl_->ssl);
 
    return ok();
}
 
auto quic_crypto::init_server(const std::string& cert_file,
                              const std::string& key_file) -> VoidResult
{
    impl_->is_server = true;
 
    impl_->ssl_ctx = SSL_CTX_new(TLS_server_method());
    if (!impl_->ssl_ctx)
    {
        return error_void(-1, "Failed to create SSL context", "quic::crypto",
                         get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    // Set TLS 1.3 only
    SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version(impl_->ssl_ctx, TLS1_3_VERSION);
    SSL_CTX_set_max_proto_version(impl_->ssl_ctx, TLS1_3_VERSION);
 
    // Load certificate
    if (SSL_CTX_use_certificate_file(impl_->ssl_ctx, cert_file.c_str(),
                                     SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) != 1)
    {
        return error_void(-1, "Failed to load certificate", "quic::crypto",
                         get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    // Load private key
    if (SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file(impl_->ssl_ctx, key_file.c_str(),
                                    SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) != 1)
    {
        return error_void(-1, "Failed to load private key", "quic::crypto",
                         get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    impl_->ssl = SSL_new(impl_->ssl_ctx);
    if (!impl_->ssl)
    {
        return error_void(-1, "Failed to create SSL object", "quic::crypto",
                         get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    // Create memory BIOs
    impl_->rbio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
    impl_->wbio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
    if (!impl_->rbio || !impl_->wbio)
    {
        return error_void(-1, "Failed to create BIO objects", "quic::crypto");
    }
 
    BIO_set_nbio(impl_->rbio, 1);
    BIO_set_nbio(impl_->wbio, 1);
 
    SSL_set_bio(impl_->ssl, impl_->rbio, impl_->wbio);
    SSL_set_accept_state(impl_->ssl);
 
    return ok();
}
 
auto quic_crypto::derive_initial_secrets(const connection_id& dest_cid)
    -> VoidResult
{
    auto keys_result = initial_keys::derive(dest_cid);
    if (keys_result.is_err())
    {
        return error_void(keys_result.error().code,
                         keys_result.error().message,
                         get_error_source(keys_result.error()));
    }
 
    auto& keys = keys_result.value();
 
    if (impl_->is_server)
    {
        // Server: read with client keys, write with server keys
        impl_->read_keys[encryption_level::initial] = keys.write;  // Client's write = Server's read
        impl_->write_keys[encryption_level::initial] = keys.read;  // Server's write = Client's read
    }
    else
    {
        // Client: write with client keys, read with server keys
        impl_->write_keys[encryption_level::initial] = keys.write;
        impl_->read_keys[encryption_level::initial] = keys.read;
    }
 
    return ok();
}
 
auto quic_crypto::process_crypto_data(encryption_level level,
                                      std::span<const uint8_t> data)
    -> Result<std::vector<uint8_t>>
{
    (void)level; // For now, we don't differentiate by level
 
    // Write incoming data to read BIO
    int written = BIO_write(impl_->rbio, data.data(),
                            static_cast<int>(data.size()));
    if (written <= 0)
    {
        return error<std::vector<uint8_t>>(
            -1, "Failed to write to BIO", "quic::crypto");
    }
 
    // Continue handshake
    int result = SSL_do_handshake(impl_->ssl);
    if (result == 1)
    {
        impl_->handshake_complete = true;
        impl_->current_level = encryption_level::application;
    }
    else
    {
        int err = SSL_get_error(impl_->ssl, result);
        if (err != SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ && err != SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE)
        {
            return error<std::vector<uint8_t>>(
                -1, "SSL handshake failed", "quic::crypto",
                get_openssl_error_string());
        }
    }
 
    // Read any output data from write BIO
    std::vector<uint8_t> output;
    int pending = BIO_ctrl_pending(impl_->wbio);
    if (pending > 0)
    {
        output.resize(static_cast<size_t>(pending));
        int read = BIO_read(impl_->wbio, output.data(), pending);
        if (read > 0)
        {
            output.resize(static_cast<size_t>(read));
        }
        else
        {
            output.clear();
        }
    }
 
    return ok(std::move(output));
}
 
auto quic_crypto::start_handshake() -> Result<std::vector<uint8_t>>
{
    int result = SSL_do_handshake(impl_->ssl);
    if (result == 1)
    {
        impl_->handshake_complete = true;
    }
    else
    {
        int err = SSL_get_error(impl_->ssl, result);
        if (err != SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ && err != SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE)
        {
            return error<std::vector<uint8_t>>(
                -1, "SSL handshake start failed", "quic::crypto",
                get_openssl_error_string());
        }
    }
 
    // Read output from write BIO
    std::vector<uint8_t> output;
    int pending = BIO_ctrl_pending(impl_->wbio);
    if (pending > 0)
    {
        output.resize(static_cast<size_t>(pending));
        int read = BIO_read(impl_->wbio, output.data(), pending);
        if (read > 0)
        {
            output.resize(static_cast<size_t>(read));
        }
        else
        {
            output.clear();
        }
    }
 
    return ok(std::move(output));
}
 
auto quic_crypto::is_handshake_complete() const noexcept -> bool
{
    return impl_->handshake_complete;
}
 
auto quic_crypto::current_level() const noexcept -> encryption_level
{
    return impl_->current_level;
}
 
auto quic_crypto::get_write_keys(encryption_level level) const
    -> Result<quic_keys>
{
    auto it = impl_->write_keys.find(level);
    if (it == impl_->write_keys.end())
    {
        return error<quic_keys>(
            -1, "Write keys not available for level", "quic::crypto",
            encryption_level_to_string(level));
    }
    return ok(quic_keys(it->second));
}
 
auto quic_crypto::get_read_keys(encryption_level level) const
    -> Result<quic_keys>
{
    auto it = impl_->read_keys.find(level);
    if (it == impl_->read_keys.end())
    {
        return error<quic_keys>(
            -1, "Read keys not available for level", "quic::crypto",
            encryption_level_to_string(level));
    }
    return ok(quic_keys(it->second));
}
 
void quic_crypto::set_keys(encryption_level level,
                           const quic_keys& read_keys,
                           const quic_keys& write_keys)
{
    impl_->read_keys[level] = read_keys;
    impl_->write_keys[level] = write_keys;
 
    if (level > impl_->current_level)
    {
        impl_->current_level = level;
    }
}
 
auto quic_crypto::update_keys() -> VoidResult
{
    if (!impl_->handshake_complete)
    {
        return error_void(-1, "Handshake not complete", "quic::crypto");
    }
 
    auto it = impl_->write_keys.find(encryption_level::application);
    if (it == impl_->write_keys.end())
    {
        return error_void(-1, "Application keys not available", "quic::crypto");
    }
 
    // Derive new secrets using "quic ku" label
    auto& old_secret = it->second.secret;
    auto new_secret_result = hkdf::expand_label(old_secret, "quic ku", {},
                                                 secret_size);
    if (new_secret_result.is_err())
    {
        return error_void(new_secret_result.error().code,
                         new_secret_result.error().message,
                         get_error_source(new_secret_result.error()));
    }
 
    // Derive new keys from new secret
    auto new_keys_result = initial_keys::derive_keys(new_secret_result.value(),
                                                      true);
    if (new_keys_result.is_err())
    {
        return error_void(new_keys_result.error().code,
                         new_keys_result.error().message,
                         get_error_source(new_keys_result.error()));
    }
 
    auto& new_keys = new_keys_result.value();
    std::copy(new_secret_result.value().begin(),
              new_secret_result.value().end(),
              new_keys.secret.begin());
 
    impl_->write_keys[encryption_level::application] = new_keys;
    impl_->key_phase = 1 - impl_->key_phase;
 
    return ok();
}
 
auto quic_crypto::get_alpn() const -> std::string
{
    return impl_->alpn;
}
 
auto quic_crypto::set_alpn(const std::vector<std::string>& protocols)
    -> VoidResult
{
    if (protocols.empty())
    {
        return ok();
    }
 
    // Build ALPN wire format: length-prefixed strings
    impl_->alpn_data.clear();
    for (const auto& proto : protocols)
    {
        if (proto.size() > 255)
        {
            return error_void(-1, "ALPN protocol too long", "quic::crypto");
        }
        impl_->alpn_data.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(proto.size()));
        impl_->alpn_data.insert(impl_->alpn_data.end(), proto.begin(), proto.end());
    }
 
    if (SSL_CTX_set_alpn_protos(impl_->ssl_ctx, impl_->alpn_data.data(),
                                static_cast<unsigned int>(impl_->alpn_data.size())) != 0)
    {
        return error_void(-1, "Failed to set ALPN protocols", "quic::crypto",
                         get_openssl_error_string());
    }
 
    return ok();
}
 
auto quic_crypto::is_server() const noexcept -> bool
{
    return impl_->is_server;
}
 
auto quic_crypto::key_phase() const noexcept -> uint8_t
{
    return impl_->key_phase;
}
 
// ============================================================================
// 0-RTT Session Resumption Implementation
// ============================================================================
 
void quic_crypto::set_session_ticket_callback(session_ticket_callback_t cb)
{
    impl_->session_ticket_callback = std::move(cb);
}
 
auto quic_crypto::set_session_ticket(std::span<const uint8_t> ticket_data)
    -> VoidResult
{
    if (ticket_data.empty())
    {
        return error_void(-1, "Empty session ticket", "quic::crypto");
    }
 
    impl_->session_ticket_data.assign(ticket_data.begin(), ticket_data.end());
    return ok();
}
 
auto quic_crypto::enable_early_data(uint32_t max_early_data) -> VoidResult
{
    if (impl_->session_ticket_data.empty())
    {
        return error_void(-1, "Session ticket must be set before enabling early data",
                         "quic::crypto");
    }
 
    impl_->max_early_data_size = max_early_data;
    impl_->early_data_enabled = true;
 
    return ok();
}
 
auto quic_crypto::is_early_data_accepted() const noexcept -> bool
{
    return impl_->early_data_accepted;
}
 
auto quic_crypto::derive_zero_rtt_keys() -> VoidResult
{
    if (impl_->session_ticket_data.empty())
    {
        return error_void(-1, "No session ticket available", "quic::crypto");
    }
 
    // Derive 0-RTT secret from the resumption secret in the ticket
    // The early data secret is derived using HKDF-Expand-Label with
    // the label "c e traffic" and the ClientHello transcript
    //
    // For simplicity in this implementation, we derive keys using a
    // deterministic derivation from the session ticket. A full implementation
    // would properly extract the resumption master secret from TLS.
 
    // Use HKDF to derive a pseudo early secret from the ticket data
    // This is a simplified approach - full implementation needs proper TLS PSK handling
    auto early_secret_result = hkdf::extract(
        initial_salt_v1,  // Use QUIC v1 salt as base
        impl_->session_ticket_data);
 
    if (early_secret_result.is_err())
    {
        return error_void(early_secret_result.error().code,
                         "Failed to derive early secret",
                         "quic::crypto",
                         early_secret_result.error().message);
    }
 
    auto& early_secret = early_secret_result.value();
 
    // Derive client early traffic secret
    auto client_early_secret_result = hkdf::expand_label(
        early_secret,
        "c e traffic",
        {},
        secret_size);
 
    if (client_early_secret_result.is_err())
    {
        return error_void(client_early_secret_result.error().code,
                         "Failed to derive client early secret",
                         "quic::crypto",
                         client_early_secret_result.error().message);
    }
 
    // Derive 0-RTT keys from client early secret
    auto zero_rtt_keys_result = initial_keys::derive_keys(
        client_early_secret_result.value(),
        true);
 
    if (zero_rtt_keys_result.is_err())
    {
        return error_void(zero_rtt_keys_result.error().code,
                         "Failed to derive 0-RTT keys",
                         "quic::crypto",
                         zero_rtt_keys_result.error().message);
    }
 
    auto& zero_rtt_keys = zero_rtt_keys_result.value();
 
    // Copy the secret
    std::copy(client_early_secret_result.value().begin(),
              client_early_secret_result.value().end(),
              zero_rtt_keys.secret.begin());
 
    // Store the 0-RTT keys
    // For client: 0-RTT is write-only (can't receive 0-RTT data)
    // For server: 0-RTT is read-only (can receive but not send 0-RTT)
    if (impl_->is_server)
    {
        impl_->read_keys[encryption_level::zero_rtt] = zero_rtt_keys;
    }
    else
    {
        impl_->write_keys[encryption_level::zero_rtt] = zero_rtt_keys;
    }
 
    impl_->has_zero_rtt_keys = true;
 
    return ok();
}
 
auto quic_crypto::has_zero_rtt_keys() const noexcept -> bool
{
    return impl_->has_zero_rtt_keys;
}
 
} // namespace kcenon::network::protocols::quic